2017考研英语翻译：8月22

下面是查字典公务员考研小编为大家整理的考研英语早起团每日英语翻译的相关内容，的希望能够提升大家的英语能力。

Policing and race治安与种族

Quantifying Black Lives Matter量化黑人生命问题

Are black Americans more likely to be shot or roughed up by police?美国黑人更可能被警察设计或粗暴对待吗?

AS A teenager, Roland Fryer had unpleasant run-ins with police. Officers pointed guns at him six or seven times. Even now, the youngest African-American to get tenure at Harvard wonders why police shout loudly at him as soon as he forgets to indicate when driving. But when the economist began researching racial differences in the use of force by police officers, he did not want his own experience to prejudice his findings. To understand how cops work he joined them on the beat in New Jersey and Texas.

当还是个少年的时候，罗兰.弗莱尔就有与警察有过不愉快的冲突。警官用枪对准他六七次。甚至现在，作为哈佛最年轻的非裔终身教授，弗莱尔想知道为什么他在开车的时候一忘记表明身份警察就对他大声吼叫。但是当经济学家们着手研究警察方面在使用武力上的种族区别对待，他并不想让他自己的经历损害他的发现。为了明白警察是如何工作的，他在新泽西州和得克萨斯州加入了他们。

Then he collected a lot of data. In a paper published on July 11th, Mr Fryer crunched police-generated data on almost 5m cases from 2003 to 2013 as part of New York citys Stop, Question and Frisk programme. He then analysed how non-lethal uses of forcesuch as pushing, kicking and baton-wieldingvaried by race. Based on the raw data, blacks and Hispanics were more than 50% more likely to encounter police force than whites.然后他收集了很多资料。在7月11日发行的报纸上，弗莱尔先生公开了纽约警方盘查程序机构的从2003到2013年间超过五百万份的警察填写的数据。他接着又分析了非致命武力的滥用如推拉、踢搡、挥舞警棍这些行为的轻重会因为种族的不同而不同。通过这些原始数据，可以看出黑人和西班牙裔人可能受到的警察武力威胁比白人多50%。

baton-wielding：v.挥舞警棍;

This in itself was not proof of racial discrimination, notes Mr Fryer. The gap might be a result of what happened during the encounters; blacks might have been more likely to resist. And yet, after any such differences were accounted for, the results still suggested bias. Blacks were 17.3% more likely to incur use of force after controlling for the characteristics of the civilian (such as age) and the encounter (such as if they ran away, complained or hit an officer). Analysis of a national survey of citizens contact with police found even greater disparities in police use of non-lethal force. Mr Fryer adds that blacks who were reported by cops as being perfectly compliant with police instructions during their interactions were still 21.1% more likely than whites to have some force used against them. This points to racial prejudice.

弗莱尔先生说，这份数据并不能成为种族歧视的证据。这条隔阂可能产生于警民双方见面的时候，因为黑人可能一开始就有抗拒心理。但是就算是他们之间有很大的不同，最终的结果还是因为偏见。在被要求提供居民身份信息以及在接受盘查的过程中如果发生逃跑，抱怨或者袭击警察的事件的情况下，黑人会招致武力回应的可能性比其他人种要高17.3%。一项关于公民和警察接触情况的全国性调查显示警察使用非致命武力的行为更加因人而异。期待您的翻译，您可以将翻译留言到文章底部，第二天会有答案解析哦。

Incur： v.招致，遭受;Disparity: n.差异;

What shocked Mr Fryer was when he looked in detail at reports of police shootings. He got two separate research teams to read, code and analyse over 1,300 shootings between 2000 and 2015 in ten police departments, including Houston and Los Angeles. To his surprise, he found that blacks were no more likely to be shot before attacking an officer than non-blacks. This was apparent both in the raw data, and once the characteristics of the suspect and the context of the encounter were accounted for.

让弗莱尔先生震惊的是他在仔细研究警察射击的报告发现的事。他让两个调查组分开阅读、编码并分析从2000年到2015年间包括休斯顿和洛杉矶在内的十个警局的1300份射击报告。他惊讶地发现黑人在伤害警察之前被射杀的可能性和白人差不多。这种现象在原始数据中很明显，尤其是当把嫌疑人的特点和对峙情景一并考虑的时候。

Mr Fryer dug deeper into the data. He combed through 6,000 incident reports from Houston, including all the shootings, incidents involving Tasers and a sample in which lethal force could have justifiably been used but was not. What he found was even more startling: black suspects appear less likely to be shot than non-black ones, fatally or otherwise.

弗莱尔先生进一步挖掘这些数据。他梳理了休斯顿的6000份事故报告，包括所有的射击事件，电击事件以及一件理应使用武力却没有执行的事件。但是他接下来的发现更加令人惊异：黑人嫌疑人遭到射击或者射杀的可能性竟然低于非黑人。

Justifiably：adv.理所当然的;

These findings need caveats. Houston is one city; there are no equally detailed data for the rest of the country (though findings in the other districts seem to support the conclusions). The city voluntarily submitted its reports; it may have been confident of its lack of bias. Critics of Mr Fryers work have pointed out that his paper does not address any bias in an officers decision to stop a black person in the first placea common criticism of stop and frisk. Mr Fryer acknowledges that blacks are more likely to be stopped, but adds that his findings are consistent with other types of encounter between police and civilians.

这些发现需要说明，休斯顿没有拥有像其他城市一样详细的数据(尽管这些调查结果在其他地区能支持结论)，市政府自愿提交他们的案件报告;它可能因其没有歧视和偏见而感到自信。批评家们指出Fryer先生工作文件中开始并没有表达出对政府官员盘查黑人的决定的偏见。一个常见的关于盘查的批评。Fryer先生承认黑人更有可能被盘查。但是他 补充道他的调查与其他类型的警察与平民的冲突一致。

Caveats：

要求停止某些行动的告诫,警告中止诉讼手续申请防止误解的说明【法律】中止诉讼的申请;〔美国〕保护发明特许权的请求书;【商业】停止支付的通知stop and frisk：盘查

In explaining why racial bias is present in all cases except shootings Mr Fryer suggests that it may reflect how officers are rarely punished for relatively minor acts of discrimination. When he shadowed cops on patrol, Mr Fryer was told repeatedly that firing a weapon is a life-changing eventand not only for the victim. Although activists argue that too many officers get off lightly when they harm civilians, cops find it hard to escape any scrutiny after discharging their weapon. More transparency and accountability are therefore needed, even when police encounter members of the public.

在解释为什么种族歧视几乎存在于所有案件中，但除了枪击案件。Fryer先生认为这反映了政府官员很少惩罚不严重的歧视行为。当他跟着正在巡逻的警察时，弗莱尔被反复告知使用武器是一件改变人生的事件，这不仅仅对于受害者来说是如此尽管积极分子争论道：许多伤害平民的警官没有受到应有的惩罚，警察们感到躲过因使用武器而接受审查很困难，因此政府变得更加透明，更加负责是很重要的，甚至是当警察遇到公众的时候。

racial bias：种族歧视;scrutiny：详细审查;

For racial discrimination by police is socially corrosive. Mr Fryer suggests that if blacks take their experience with police as evidence of wider bias, it can lead to a belief that the whole world is also against them. They may invest less in education if they think employers are biased too. It is more than 50 years since Martin Luther King spoke of blacks being staggered by the winds of police brutality. Those winds are still blowing.

警察的种族歧视是腐蚀社会的，Fryer先生认为如果黑人将其与警察的间不好的经历当作是更严重的偏见，这会导致他们生出一种全世界都与他们为敌的想法。那么也就可能不再注重教育，因为他们会认为雇主也对他们有偏见，距离马丁路德金讲，警察的暴行让黑人的步履蹒跚已经50多年了，但种族歧视的风还在刮。

以上是查字典公务员考研小编为大家整理的2017考研英语翻译的相关内容，希望考生们好好复习。为了帮助考生更好地复习，查字典公务员考研为广大学子推出2017考研秋季集训营、专业课一对一、精品网课系列备考 专题，针对每一个科目要点进行深入的指导分析，还会根据每年的考研大纲进行针对性的分析哦~欢迎各位考生了 解咨询。同时，查字典公务员考研一直为大家推出考研直播课堂，足不出户就可以边听课边学习，为大家的考研梦想助力!

推荐阅读》》》