考研英语阅读解题技巧之主旨大意题

随着2016年考试的临近，不少学生还在担心着自己的英语这门课能不能过线的问题。对于英语这门公共课，每每很多考生考完都会扼腕叹息，正是因为英语没过线，导致离自己的目标院校仅一步之遥而不得入。在英语这门公共课考试里，让考生们最重视的莫过于阅读这一大题型了。不仅是因为阅读这一题型所占分值的比重最大，而且阅读题型的解体能力对其他题型解题能力的影响。可以这样说，阅读解题能力上去了，其他题型解题能力也会自然而然上去的。比如说，阅读中的词汇辨析能力以及逻辑思维能力在完型中有体现，阅读中的长难句分析能力是做好翻译题型的重要能力。因此，考生们都会花费大量时间在阅读上面，然而往往不尽如意，时间跟投入没能跟回报呈正比。

考生要想提高阅读能力不仅需要英语基础的累积，同样需要解题技巧的学习。今天我们就针对阅读的其中一大题型主旨题的解题技巧做些总结供考生学习。

【真题例题】

It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdomor at least confirm that hes the kids dad. All he needs to do is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstoreand another $120 to get the results.

More than 60,000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first become available without prescriptions last years, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2, 500.

Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogistsand supports businesses that offer to search for a familys geographic roots.

Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to compare DNA.

But some observers are skeptical. There is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing, says Troy Duster, a New York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestorsnumbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a fathers line or mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grand parents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.

Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies dont rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data from some regions and not others, so a persons test results may differ depending on the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer review or outside evaluation.

26. In paragraphs 1 and 2 , the text shows PTKs

27. PTK is used to

28. Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to

29. In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is

30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be

[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing

[B] DNA Testing and Its Problems

[C] DNA Testing Outside the Lab

[D] Lies Behind DNA Testing

【解析】

首先判断出30题是主旨题。读完五道题题干，我们可以从28题题干中 testing fails to 以及29题题干中的 a problemtesting faces 可以看出，两道题题干中重复出现了 testing，而 fails to(失败之处) 和 a problem (问题)所表达的语义相近，都可以指问题所在。因此， testing 和 问题 都是本文的中心词。因此本篇文章作者主要讨论的应该跟基因测试以及其出现的问题，由此再看四个选项只有B选项涵盖了两个中心词的意思。答案应该是B选项。我们在结合文章来看，一二两段引出DNA检测的 话题，三四段介绍DNA检测的特点，用途及要求，最后两段分析指出DNA存在的问题。由此可见，通过文章中内容来看，本题的正确选项依然是B选项。

【总结】

考生在解决此类主旨大意题的时候，可以先看看五道题的题干能否帮助解题，在时间考场时间紧张的情况下，这种解题思路能够帮助考生快速解题。同时，也可以帮助不确定答案的考生最后确认答案，考生们可以参考借鉴。

(本文作者为查字典公务员考研英语辅导名师邢冉冉)