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中式英语之鉴50句,让你的英语不再被人取笑

2014-12-15 06:12:54
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01. 有他这颗扫帚星,什么事情都办不成。

[误] With a comet like him, nothing can be accomplished.

[正] With a jinx like him, nothing can be accomplished.

注:扫帚星是中国人对慧星(comet)的俗称,因其后面象拖着的一条像扫帚一样的长尾巴而得名。在中国古代,扫帚星被认为是灾难的预兆,并被用来比喻不吉利的人或事;祸根:(person or thing that is thought to bring)bad luck(to sb/sth);curse。英语的 comet 虽然没有这层含义,但却有一个对应的说法,即 jinx。 例:Theres a jinx on/Someones put a jinx on this car: its always giving me trouble. 这辆汽车上有什么妨人的东西,总给我找麻烦。

02. 萝卜青菜,各有所爱。

[误] Some prefer radish but others prefer cabbage.

[正] Tastes differ.

注:Tastes differ/vary 是句英语谚语,除此以外,原句还可翻译成 No dish suits all tastes 或 You can never make everyone happy 等。 总之,应采取意译。

03.他一向嘴硬,从不认错。

[误] He has always got a hard mouth and never admit a fault.

[正] He never says uncle.

注:say (cry) uncle: to give up or in; to surrender; to admit defeat. Mainly used by boys, as when fighting。主要是男孩们打架时的用语,当一方想制服另一方时,就用命令的口气说:Say uncle!这时,有的孩子为了表示不服输,就是不说。后来,say uncle 就成了服输的代名词,而 not say uncle 就相当于嘴硬了。

04.老师很喜欢这个嘴甜的小姑娘。

[误] The teacher likes this sweet-mouthed little girl very much.

[正] The teacher likes this honey-lipped little girl very much.

注:中国人喜欢说嘴甜,但 honey-lipped 更符合英美人的语言习惯。

05.同学们都很讨厌他,因为他经常拍老师的马屁。

[误] The student all dislike him because he often pats the teachers ass.

[正] The students all dislike him because he often licks the teachers boots.

注:以前在欧洲,臣民见到国王与王后往往要葡匐到在,亲吻他们的靴子。后来,人们将 lick the boots 引申为为了某种目的而讨好某人,它与汉语的拍马屁含义一样。在美国英语中,拍马屁还有另一种说法,即 polish the apple,它典出以前的学生用擦亮的苹果来讨好老师。

06.你听说了吗?迈克把他的女朋友给甩了。

[误] Have you ever heard that Mike broke up with his girlfriend.

[正] Have you ever heard that Mike dumped his girlfriend.

注:break up with sb. 虽然表示与某人分手了,但并没说明是谁先提出来的。而 dump 的原意指倾倒垃圾,用在这里则表示像倒垃圾一样地甩掉。

07.我们要把祖国建设成为社会主义的现代化强国。

[误] We will build our motherland into a socialist modern powerful country.

[正] We will build our motherland into a modern powerful socialist country.

注:形容词作为修饰语在汉语和英语中都很常用,但使用的先后次序却有所不同。在英语中我们一般遵循靠近原则,即越能说明本质属性的修饰词越靠近它所修饰的名词,当从这一点看不出区别时,就靠词的长短来决定,短的在前,长的在后。原文中最能说明国家本质的定语是社会主义的,所以 socialist 要最靠近它所修饰的中心词。

08.人都是这山望着那山高,对自己的现状没有满意的时候。

[误] Almost all people think that the other mountain is higher than the one hes standing on. They never feel saisfied with what theyve already got.

[正] Almost all people think that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel saisfied with what theyve already got.

注:这山望着那山高是指人不满足于现状的心理,它在英语中已经有了现成的说法,即 the grass is greener on the other hill(他山的草更绿),因此我们借用即可,这样既方便又更有利于与西方人沟通。

09.中华人民共和国主席

[误] Chairman of the Peoples Republic of China

[正] President of the Peoples Republic of China

注:以前,我们一直将主席翻译为 chairman,例如:great leader Chairman Mao(伟大领袖毛主席)。其实主席与 chairman并不等义,chairman 在英语中通常指会议或某一具体组织的负责人,它的权力和重要性不及中文的主席。这就是为什么1983年,在我国《宪法》的英译单行本中开始使用 President一词,并沿用至今。另外,国内仍有不少词典把班/级长(学校的)译为class monitor,这是四人帮时代的产物,那时的班长是专司监管学生的,所以译作monitor。而班长的正确译文应该是class president。

10.转战南北

[误] fight south and north

[正] fight north and south

注:在地理方位的表达习惯上,中英文有一定的区别。中国人习惯于先东西后南北,而且在涉及南北时,习惯于先说南,再说北,如:南征北战、南来北往等。而英美人与此正好相反,如江苏在中国的东南部英文是 Jiangsu is in the south-east of China, 而新疆在中国的西北部应译为 Xinjiang is in the north-west of China。

11.这个教授教得很烂。

[误] The professor teaches badly.

[正] The professor is so terrible.

注:有人认为第二句的意思是这个教授很可怕,其实不然。英语中 terible 意思很灵活,例如:feel terrible 指身体不舒服The food is terrible 则是说食物难吃极了。而第一句纯属中文式的表达。

12.北京申奥成功的消息令我们热血沸腾。

[误] Beijings winning the bid for the Olympics makes our blood boil.

[正] Beijings winning the bid for the Olympics makes us excited.

注:make ones blood boil 是指激怒某人,而非使人激动。英语中使人激动的说法除了 make one excited,还有较为口语化的 make ones spine tingle。

13.别听他们胡说八道,根本就没那回事。

[误] Dont listen to their babbling. Nothing of the sort.

[正] Dont be fooled by their babbling. Nothing of the sort.

注:原文中的听不能用 listen to 来表示,因为 listen to 指听的动作,而原文中的别听不是不让他听,而是劝告他不要听信,因此,用 not be fooled by 才更达意。

14.我们这儿的人都觉得他有婚外恋。

[误] Pepple around here all feel that he has affairs outside his own marriage.

[正] Pepple around here all feel that he is leading a double life.

注:affair 本身就指私通或暧昧关系,当然是婚外的事,所以 outside ones own marriage 无疑是多此一举了。英语中有婚外恋的地道说法应该是 lead a double life。

15.别看别人不把她当回事,在家里她可是父亲的掌上明珠。

[误] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the pearl on her fathers hand at home.

[正] Although other people never take her seriousy, she is the apple of her fathers eye at home.

注:中英文常用不同的喻体表明相同的喻义,掌上明珠与 the apple of ones eye 就是一个很好的例子。这种情况我们一般应尊重各国文化和习俗,翻译时取目的语的固定说法,而不必直译,这有助于将意思更有效地传达给读者。the apple of ones eye 源自圣经《旧约》,当时人们用 apple 指人的瞳孔。尽管瞳孔现在已经用 pupil 来表示,不再是 apple 了,但这一用法却延续了下来。

16.都十点钟了。起床了,懒虫!

[误] Its ten oclock. Get up, lazy worm!

[正] Its ten oclock. Get up, lazy bones!

注:懒虫并非真是一条虫,只不过被用来形容人很懒惰罢了。英语里与之对应的说法是 lazy bones(懒骨头)。注意,这里的bone 应以复数形式出现,也许是因为不会只有一根骨头懒吧!

17.我唯一的资本就是勤奋。

[误] My only capital is diligence.

[正] My only means to success is diligence.

注:原文的资本是借喻,实际指可以依靠并取得成功的手段。而英语的 capital 指 money used to produce more wealth or for starting a business,并没有中文那样的引申意思。所以,这里的资本不能与 capital 画等号。也有人用 advantage 来翻译资本,虽然不尽意,但至少可以让读者理解。

18.这家商店开辟了休息处,受到顾客的称赞。

[误] This department store has set up a resting-place, much to the customers appreciation.

[正] This department store has set up a lounge, much to the customers appreciation.

注:英语的 resting-place 虽然有休息处的意思,但更经常的是用来指坟墓,即最后安息之处。因此,把公共场所的休息处译为 resting-place 不很合适。也有人将它译为 rest-room,但那更不妥当,因为英语中的 rest-room 是厕所的委婉说法,而休息处不是这个意思。

19.大家都怀疑汤姆是个间谍。

[误] Everyone doubts that Tom is a spy.

[正] Everyone suspects that Tom is a spy.

注:doubt 作怀疑讲,是不相信的意思;而 suspect 作怀疑讲,是指对...有所察觉。第一句译文犯了两个错误:首先,doubt 不能接 that 从句,只有not doubt that 和 doubt if/whether;其次,它所表达的意思是大家对汤姆是间谍这件事表示怀疑,即大家不相信汤姆是间谍,与原文的意思恰好相反。

20. 我们俩关系最好,他经常来我这儿蹲饭吃。

[误] We are best friends. He always comes here to have meals for free.

[正] We are best friends. He always comes here to bum meals off me.

注:第一句只表明他常到我这儿来白吃白喝,但朋友这间那种亲密关系没有体现出来。而 bum sth. off sb. 指向非常熟的朋友要一些不起眼的小东西,而朋友也不会介意还不还

21.最近的人口统计显示中国人口已超过12亿。

[误] The latest census shows that Chinas population has surpassed 1.2 billion.

[正] The latest census shows that Chinas population exceeds 1.2 billion.

注:surpass 和 exceed 译成中文虽然都是超过,胜过的意思,但出现具体数字时要用后者。

22. 我希望你不要拖我的后腿。

[误] I hope that you wont pull my leg.

[正] I hope that you wont hold me back.

注:pull ones leg 是愚弄某人,开某人的玩笑的意思,相当于 make fun of sb.。英语中与拖后腿相对应的表达是 hold sb. back 或 be a drag on sb. 等。

23. 学校里,那些长得人高马大的家伙常来找我的麻烦。

[误] At school, those big and strong guys always come to find my trouble.

[正] At school, those big and strong guys always come to pick on me.

注:find my trouble 是发现我的难处的意思,而英语中找某人的麻烦用短语 pick on sb. 它不仅表示挑剔某人、找某人的碴,而且还包含 tease(取笑、戏弄)或 bully(威胁、欺侮)的意思。

24. 原来如此。一经你解释我就明白了。

[误] So it is. I understand soon after your explanation.

[正] So thats how it is. I understand soon after your explanation.

注:So it is 的意思是的确如此,它是用来表示对对方观点的赞同的。例如:

A: It is a fine day today!

B: So it is.

而在表达恍然大悟时,英文要用 So thats how it is 或 So that explains it, 或更简单地道的说法 Oh, I see.

25. 我没料到这个无耻的女人居然同她好友的丈夫调情。

[误] I had not expected that this shameful woman should flirt with her best friends husband.

[正] I had not expected that this shameless woman should flirt with her best friends husband.

注:shameful 通常指某事物是可耻的,丢脸的,而 shameless 表示 having or showing no feeling of shame; immodest or impudent,它一般用来指人不知羞耻的,不要脸的或伤风败俗的。原文也可译为:Its shameful that the woman should flirt with her best friends husband.

26. 我每天都要在网吧里呆上10个小时,是个不折不扣的网虫。

[误] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a net bug.

[正] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a netter.

注:网虫要是直译成 net bug,很容易使人联想到计算机病毒,如:the millennium bug(千年虫病毒)。所以,英语中与之相应的说法是 netter/nettle。在《剑桥国际英语词典》里,对 netter/nettle 的解释是:regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation。nethead 和网虫的意思差不多,它表示网痴,网迷而 netizen 则可以用来指所有的网民,尤其是互联网的用户,它是由 net(网络)和 citizen(公民)组合而成的。还有一个时髦的词是 netsurfer,即网上冲浪者。

27. 东施效颦。

[误] Doingshi imitates Xishi.

[正] The ugly imitates the beautiful in such a distorted way that the ugliness of the ugly becomes worse.

注:把原文按照字面意思直译过来,恐怕只有中国人能够理解。要想让外国人明白这个中国成语,就要对译文进行解释性加工了。同样,情人眼里出西施不是 Xishi is in the eye of the beholder,而是 Beauty is in the eye of the beholder。

28. 你不好好学习,还想去牛津上大学。这可真是个不切实际的幻想哟!

[误] You dont study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an impractical illusion!

[正] You dont study hard, yet you want to go to Oxford. What an illusion!

注:汉语中的修饰语往往用的很多,目的在于加强语气,但这种表达习惯在翻译时必须进行处理。illusion 本身就有 impractical 的含义,而英语中在表意已经很明确的情况下是无需重复的。

29. 想让他答应这样的要求恐怕不大可能。

[误] Im afraid it is impossible for him to agree to such a request.

[正] Im afreaid it is unlikely for him to agree to such a request.

注:impossible 表示完全不可能,所以与原文有出入。在英语中,probable 表示的可能性最大,其次是 possible,再次是likely。而常用的句式为 it is probable/possible/likely for sb. to do sth.,或 sb. be likely to do sth.。

30. 一群蚂蚁

[误] a group of ants

[正] a colony of ants

注:表示群体时,group 通常指人或物,而 colony 才指生物群体

31. 她和男朋友吵了一架,冒着大雨跑了出去。

[误] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the big rain.

[正] She quarreled with his boyfriedn and ran out in the heavy rain.

注: 汉语中的大可以修饰很多名词,如大风、大浪、湿气大等,但在英语里却不能一一对应。例如,大雨就不能译成 big rain,因为那会被人误以为是雨点大,而不是雨大。英美人形容雨大习惯用重(heavy),heary rain(大雨),heavy clouds(云雾大),heavy moisture(潮气大)等,这也许是因为他们认为有些事物用重量来衡量比用体积更好吧。

32. 我每天都要在网吧里呆上10个小时,是个不折不扣的网虫。

[误] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a net bug.

[正] I spend 10 hours in the net bar every day, and I am indeed a netter.

注:网虫要是直译成 net bug,很容易使人联想到计算机病毒,如:the millennium bug(千年虫病毒)。所以,英语中与之相应的说法是 netter/nettle。在《剑桥国际英语词典》里,对 netter/nettle 的解释是:regular user of Internet, perhaps one who spends too much time in this occupation。nethead 和网虫的意思差不多,它表示网痴,网迷而 netizen 则可以用来指所有的网民,尤其是互联网的用户,它是由 net(网络)和 citizen(公民)组合而成的。还有一个时髦的词是 netsurfer,即网上冲浪者。

33. 每次考试来临的时候,约翰就变成了一只夜猫子,但这并不是一个好的学习方法。

[误] John becomes a night cat every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.

[正] John becomes a night owl every time the examination is coming. However, this is not a good way to learn.

注:owl 是猫头鹰的意思,即一种深夜不睡,睁一只眼,闭一只眼,准备随时捕捉田鼠的动物。英语中用 night owl 来比喻经常熬夜的人,就像我们习惯用夜猫子一样。不论叫你夜猫子还是 a night owl,开夜车(burn the midnight oil)总是免不了的。

34. 现如今,由于出国深造的人越来越多,海龟(归)派也不像原来那样吃香了。

[误] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the overseas students are not so popular as before.

[正] Nowadays as more and more people study abroad, the returnees are not so popular as before.

注:海龟(归)派是指那些在国外留学以后又回来的人,是个非常形象的新名词。但 overseas student 是指正在国外学习的留学生,意思正好相反,所以要换成 returnee。这个词本身就包含在海外学习过的意思。

35. 在皎洁的月光下,那个花花公子在我耳边悄悄说着情话。

[误] The playboy whispered love words to my ear with a bright moon in the sky.

[正] The playboy whispered sweet nothings to my ear with a bright moon in the sky.

注: 因为情书是 love letter,情歌是 love song,所以不少人以为情话就应该是 love words,其实并非如此。英语中情话常用 loversprattle 或 sweet nothings 来表达。prattle 有孩子话,废话的意思,所以 lovers prattle 指恋人之间孩子气的废话sweet nothings 更是一目了然,有甜蜜而不中用的意思。

36. 比尔.盖茨平均每天工作15个小时,他简直就是一个工作狂。

[误] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is crazy about his work.

[正] Bill Gates works 15 hours a day on average, and he is a workaholic.

注: crazy 虽然可以作疯狂的,狂热的讲,但 be crazy about/on sth. 的意思却是热衷于...,对...着迷be crazy for 也不行,因为它表示渴望(某物);迷恋(某人)。可见,它们都与工作狂有一定区别。而 workaholic 是从 alcoholic(嗜酒成癖者)派生出来的,表示像酗酒者离不开酒精一样地离不开工作。现在人们将 -holic 作为一个后缀,表示对...上瘾,嗜好...成癖,并构成了许多新词。例如:movie-holic(嗜好电影成癖的人),telehokic(看电视成癖的人)等。

37. 给这们女士来杯威士忌,记在我的账上。

[误] Whisky for this lady, and put it on my bill.

[正] Whisky for this lady, and put it on my tab.

注: 我们可以说 Could we have the bill, please? (请给我们账单好吗?)或 pay the bill(埋单),但记在某某的账上却不用bill,而要用 put...on ones tab 表示。tab 是小纸片的意思,因为过去小店的生意都是靠住在附近的老主顾,赊账时有发生,于是老板们通常把每个人的赊账情况记在各自的小纸片上,也就是 put...on ones tab,以防遗忘。渐渐地,该词组就成了一种习惯用法。

38. 哈罗得挥金如土,没有一点积蓄。

[误] Harold spends money like dirt, and has no savings.

[正] Harold spends money like water, and has no savings.

注:英国是一个岛国,离不开水;而我们中国的许多地区深处内陆,人们的生活离不开土地。所以,英语中有许多习语与水有关,而汉语却常常拿土作比。这就是为什么同样是比喻花钱浪费,大手大脚,英语是 spend money like water,而汉语却是挥金如土。此外,英语中还有很多有关船和水的习语,例如:rest on ones oars(暂时歇一歇),keep ones head above water(奋力图存),be all at sea(不知所措)等等。

39. 这只表的价钱很贵。

[误] The price of the watch is dear.

[正] The watch is dear. /The price of the watch is high.

注: 以物品为主语时用 dear 或 cheap,以定价为主语时就说 high 或 low.

40. 昨天晚上我们玩得很愉快。

[误] We played very pleasantly last night.

[正] We enjoyed ourselves very much last night./ We had a good time last night.

注: 玩牌,打球,演戏之类就用 play,汉语这儿说的玩是指度过一个愉快的时候,最好译成 enjoy oneself 或 have a good time.

41. 嘿,小伙子,千万别灰心。

[误] Hey, lad, dont lose your heart.

[正] Hey, lad, dont lose heart.

注: lose ones heart (to sb.) 是心被...俘虏去,爱上...的意思,而 lose heart 才表示灰心丧气,丧失勇气或信心。

42. 歌迷们冲进演员休息室,抢着同凯莉.米纳合影。

[误] The fans rushed into the rest room trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue.

[正] The fans rushed into the greenroom trying to take photos with Kylie Minogue.

注:伦敦西区的特鲁街剧院是英国最古老的剧院,据说为了让演员们长时间处于舞台强烈灯光照射下的眼睛得到休息,那里的演员休息室被漆成了绿色。后来,greenroom 就逐渐成了(剧场)演员休息室的代名词。而 rest room 可不是这个意义上的休息室,它其实是厕所的一种委婉说法。

43. 我感到很痛。

[误] I am painful.

[正] I feel great pain.

注:我感到高兴是 I am happy,我感到累了是 Im tired,但我感到很痛却不是 I am painful。因为 painful 表示使人痛苦的,让人疼痛或讨厌的,它的主语往往不是人,而是事物或人体的某个部位,如:The foot is painful(脚痛),The lessons are painful(教训是惨痛的)等。所以没有 I am painful 这个说法,如果你非要这样说,别人会以为你全身带电或浑身长刺,别人碰了你就会疼,是你让别人痛苦,而不是你自己痛苦。

44. 亚洲四小龙。

[误] the Four Little Dragons of Asia

[正] the Four Little Tigers of Asia

注:在我国古代传说中,龙是降雨和惩治妖魔鬼怪的神奇动物,是吉祥和力挽狂澜的象征。很多汉语成语与龙有关,如龙飞凤舞、龙凤呈祥、藏龙卧虎 等,而且多为褒义词。但如果把四小龙直译成英文却不行,因为西方人对龙的联想和看法与中国人完全不同。龙(dragon)在西方是贬义词,是邪恶的免征,西方人不会理解为什么要把亚洲经济的四个强国说成四个小魔鬼,所以要用 tiger 进行替换。在西方人眼里,tiger 是朝气蓬勃、坚忍不拔、努力奋斗、充满希望的免征,所以用 tiger 才能准确表达原文的意思。

45. 百里挑一。

[误] one in a hundred

[正] one in a thousand

注: 百里挑一常被用来形容很特别,很出众或与众不同,one in a thousand 也有相同的含义。但值得注意的是,汉语用百,而英语则以十倍于百的 thousand 来夸张。同样,汉语的十分感谢或万分感谢,英语则说 a thousand thanks(千分感谢)或 thanks a million times(百万次的感谢)。可见,英语比汉语要夸张。这也许反映了两个民族不同的思维方式:中国人崇尚中庸之道,凡事避免走极端,即使夸大其词也不太过火;而英美人追求标新立异和充分考虑表现自我,这在语言中自然也有体现。

46. 周末许多人睡得很晚。

[误] Many people sleep late at weekends.

[正] Many people go to bed very late at weekends.

注: 第一句译文错在没弄懂 sleep 的真正含义。英语动词有短暂动词和持续动词之分,它们分别表示短暂动作和持续的动作或状态。sleep 是典型的持续动词,表示在睡觉。而汉语的睡既可表示上床睡觉的短暂动作,如:我昨天11点才睡;也可以表示在睡觉的持续动作和状态,如:他睡了整整10个小时。原文属于前一种情况,即表示上床睡觉的短暂动作,故应该使用 go to bed。

47. 干杯!要一饮而尽。

[误] ---Cheers! Bottom up.

[正] ---Cheers! Bottoms up.

注: bottoms up 虽然只比 bottom up 多一个 s,但是两个词组的意思却相差十万八千里。bottoms up 里的 bottom 是指(酒杯的)底部,那么杯朝天就是一饮而尽的意思,而且因为干杯时肯定不止一人一饮而尽,所以要用复数;而 bottom up 表示屁股朝天。

48. 这个任务很危险,但总得有人去冒险。

[误] The task is really dangerous. But someone has to take the adventure.

[正] The task is really dangerous. But someone has to bell the cat.

注: adventure 指军事历险、探险旅行等惊险活动或投机活动。而 bell the cat 源自一个故事:一窝老鼠想在猫脖子上套一个铃铛,这样猫一来他们就会听到,并及时逃命。但主意虽好,却苦于没人去套这个铃铛(bell the cat)。后来,bell the cat 被人们反复引用,表示为大家的事去承担风险,并成了表示原文意思最贴切的英语习语。

49. 一辆白色轿车前来接新郎新娘去教堂。

[误] A white car turned up to take the groom and the bride to the church.

[正] A white car turned up to take the bride and the groom to the church.

注:汉英两种语言均有各自固定的词序,因此,在翻译时要根据各自的语言习惯进行适当的调整,此处就是一个很好的例子。之所以将新娘放在前面,也许是西方文化中 女士优先的又一体现吧!又如:衣食住行译成英语是 food, clothing, shelter and transportation; 同样,左顾右盼翻译成 look right and left。

50. 你去弄些水来。

[误] Go and bring some water.

[正] Go and fetch some water.

注: bring 虽然表示带来,但它是让某人在来的时候将某物带来(但说话时人还没来);而 fetch 则是让身边的某人去取某物,它包括往返的两段路程。

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