考研英语阅读中需重视的典型语法句型（二）

名词性从句

顾名思义，名词性从句指的是具有名词的性质和功能的从句，一般包含主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句三种。

1 主语从句

(1) How well the predications will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used.

这些预测在多大程度上将会为后来的表现所证实是有效的，这一点依赖于所使用信息的数量，可靠性和恰当性。

(2) What I need is your attention.

我所需要的是你的关注。

2 宾/表语从句

(1) Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response.

动物和人类的研究均表明了性激素在某种程度上影响着对压力的反映。

(2) The biggest problem is that we need money.

最大的问题是我们需要钱。

(3) When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, president Clinton moved swiftly.

三个月前，当一个苏格兰研究小组宣布他们克隆了一只成年绵羊时，世界为之震惊，克林顿总统迅速作出反应。

3 同位语从句

(1) The panel had found a broad consensus that it would be morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human by nuclear cloning.

该小组已经发现了一个广泛的共识：尝试用细胞核克隆技术来创造出一个人是道德上无法接受的。

(2) The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinion in quicker, more visible, and more damaging ways.

给市场人士们提供更多(更加多样)交流方式去选择的这种显著的技术变革，同时提高了危险性：激动的消费者们会以更快，更加可视的和更具破坏性的方式说出他们对产品的意见。

状语从句

在英语语不同性质的从句中，最为复杂的是状语从句，要用不同类型的状语从句分别表达出时间，地点，原因，条件，目的，结果，比较，让步等各种不同的含义，比如：

1 时间状语从句

(1) As people recognize and enjoy the advantages brought by the cultural blending, they will definitely hope to see more integration, not just in terms of culture but also in all aspects of human civilizations.

随着人们意识到并享受文化融合带来的益处，人们必然希望有更多的融合，不仅是文化方面，而且在于人类文明的方方面面。

(2) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

直到这些问题得到解决，否则行为的技术将继续遭到排斥，并且随之有可能解决我们问题的唯一方法也将继续遭到排斥。

2 原因状语从句

(1) Nineteenth-century feminists and antifeminists alike perceived the suffragists demand for enfranchisement as the most radical element in womens protest, in part because suffragists were demanding power that was not based on the institution of the family, womens traditional sphere.

十九世纪女权主义者们和反对女权主义者们都将选举权主义者对选举权的要求视为在女性抗议中最为根本的因素，部分是因为选举权主义者们正在要求一种权利，而这种权利并不是基于家庭，这个女性传统的领地。

(2) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.

我们很感激他们(两位先驱)，因为此后这些语言中的一些已经消失了，这是由于说这些语言的人们消亡了或者被同化了，(从而)失去了他们自己的本族语言。

3 条件状语从句

(1) Had such tsunami warnings been broadcast then, many of the tens of thousands of lives lost have been saved.

假如这种海啸预警当时得以广播出去，成千上万条丧命的生命也许会得到挽救。

(2) If you are overweight, dont fail for a formula that promises you a slim, trim figure without dieting or calorie counting.

如果你不是体重超重，不要轻信那些保证在无需节食或卡路里消耗的条件下就能拥有迷人苗条身材的秘方。

4 目的状语从句

I must review my work periodically in order that will be no mistake in the end.

我必须定期回顾检查我的工作，以确保最终没有任何错误产生。

5 结果状语从句

However, the world is so made that elegant systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the worlds more fascinating and delightful aspects.

然而，世界就是如此，完美的体系一般而言是无法解决世上某些更加引人入胜的课题的。

6 让步状语从句

While it is true that living organisms are profoundly affected by their environment, it is equally important to remember that many organisms are also capable of altering their habitat significantly, sometimes limiting their own growth.

尽管，存活的生物很大程度上受到他们所在环境的影响是千真万确的，但是，许多生物也有能力深刻的改变它们所栖息的环境，甚至有时又限制了自身的生长，这种情况同样应当引起人们的重视。