考研英语语法形容词解析(三)
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七、倍数表示法
(一)表倍数的词+as+形容词/副词原级+as...
例句: The oxygen atom is nearly 16 times as heavy as the hydrogen.
分析: 该句是简单句。
译文: 氧原子的重量几乎是氢原子的16倍。
例句: Engaged in the part-time job, he earned three times as much as his roommate.
分析: 该句是简单句,其中分词engaged in...在句中作状语表示原因。
译文: 由于从事了兼职工作,他所挣得的是他舍友所挣得的三倍。
(二)表倍数的词+ that/(the+名词)+of...
例句: The cotton output in Hami area is 3 times that of the grape.
译文: 哈密地区的棉花产量是葡萄产量的三倍。
(三)表倍数的词+比较级+than
例句: Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents. (1999年第2题)
分析: 该句是复合句,that it kills...是一个结果状语从句。
译文: 吸烟对个人健康危害严重,每年吸烟造成的死亡人数比机动车事故的死亡人数多七倍。
例句: When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. (选自2000年Text 1)
分析: 该句是复合句,after the end of the Second World War在句中作状语,形容词短语eight times larger than any competitor修饰market,分词giving its industries...在句中作结果状语说明it had a market...any competitor的结果。
译文: 第二次世界大战结束后,美国恰好进入这样一段辉煌时期,当时,它拥有的市场是任何竞争对手的八倍,这使美国工业达到了一个无与伦比的经济规模。
(四)用倍数动词double,triple, quadruple分别表示增加了一、二、三倍
例句: The handling capacity of the Qingdao Harbor has tripled in two years.
译文: 青岛港的吞吐量两年间翻了两番。
(五)表示增减意义的动词
1. 用表示增减意义的动词(如increase,rise,grow,go up,decrease,fall,drop,lower, reduce)+to+...times表示增加到倍或减少到倍。
例句: As a result, Californias growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percentlittle more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states. (选自1998年Text 4)
分析: 该句是简单句,破折号后的内容,即形容词短语little more than two thirds...and...对前面内容作进一步补充说明。
译文: 结果,20世纪70年代加利福尼亚州的人口增长率降到了18.5。这个数字比60年代增长率的2/3略高,但明显低于西部其他各州。
2. 用表示增加或减少的动词+by+...times表示增加了或减少了倍。
例句: And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2 a year, which is more than twice the 19781987 average. (选自1998年Text 2)
分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句which is more than twice...修饰about 2 a year。
译文: 1991年以来,生产率每年大约增长2,这一比率是1978年到1987年平均增长指数的两倍。
3. 表增减意义的动词+数字或表增减意义的动词+by a factor of+数字(增加时,译作增加了n-1倍,减少时译作减少了(n-1)n倍)。
例句: The grain output in our country has increased four times.
译文: 我国粮食产量增加了3倍。
例句: The coal output has been lowered by a factor of 5.
译文: 煤的产量减少了4/5。
(六)表示增加意义的形容词/副词
1. again +as+形容词/副词原级+as表示是/为的两倍之意。
例句: The car factory is again as large as the electronic infrastructure factory.
译文: 汽车厂是电子基础设施厂的两倍大。
2.half again+as+形容词/副词原级+as表示增加了一半之意。
例句: This Liberation Bridge is half again as long as the Victoria.
译文: 解放大桥是维多利亚大桥的1.5倍。