考研英语阅读细节题解题思路

大家好，我们继续梳理阅读理解的解题思路。细节题解题的关键是定位和理解(定位处的句子)，定位有具体的步骤：自然段定位，题干关键词定位，选项关键词定位。通过自然段定位，把答案确定在大致的范围(某个段落)，一个段落的句子有很多，应该理解哪个句子呢?定位的第二步题干关键词定位帮我们把答案锁定在该段落中的某一句话，题干关键词不是指的具体类某一个词，只要它具有唯一性，都可以作为我们定位的关键词。唯一性是指这个词在这个段落中只在某一个位置出现，在其他句子中没有出现。比如2011年第三篇阅读：

31. Consumers may create earned media when they are

[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites.

[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.

[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.

[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products. 这道题是典型的细节题，通过自然段定位答案在第一自然段中，如果第一自然段没有涉及题干中提到的信息再看下一段。题干中提到的earned media这个信息在第一自然段The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional paid mediasuch as television commercials and print advertisementsstill play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create earned media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage owned media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketings impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. 中只在第四句话中出现，那么它就是关键词，因为它具有唯一性。再比如2015年第一篇阅读23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?

[A] Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealth.

[B] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.

[C] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.

[D] The nobilitys adherence to their privileges.通过题干发现答案在第四段中找，然后用题干关键词定位把它锁定在某一句话，题干中对我们解题有效的只有一个词，即odd. 读完第四段Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside, symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very historyand sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Prince and princess have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image. 发现没有odd(奇异的，奇怪的)这个词，但是在第二句话找到odd的同义词bizarre(奇怪的)，并且只有在第二句中有，即具有唯一性，也属于定位的关键词。

通过上面两个例子，我们发现题干的关键词不是具体指的某一个词，它可以是同一个词也可以是同义词，只要能帮助我们定位到该段落唯一具体位置的词就是属于关键词

最后，考研不是你一个人在战斗，在漫漫考研路上，查字典公务员考研的老师会一直陪伴着同学们的左右，为你们解答考研路上的各种疑惑，祝同学们考研成功!

　(本文作者为查字典公务员考研辅导名师武新宇)