考研英语语法：it形式宾语

在考研英语范围内，it形式宾语属于宾语部分的疑难点之一。it形式宾语与it形式主语有一样的功能，即避免头重脚轻的现象。英语作为一门尾重型语言，习惯于把长的成分往句子后面放。比如：I thought to throw away so much food a waste of money. 其中to throw away so much food 和a waste of money之间构成主谓关系，这个句子属于简单句中的主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语的结构。但是在英语当中，这种表达是不常见的，这个时候一般会引用it形式宾语的结构，即：I thought it a waste of money to throw away so much food . it作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语to throw away so much food则放到了句尾。下面从真题的角度对it形式主语句型进行分析。

1.Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.(2015,text1)

本句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语 to maintain the right image放在句尾。句意：即便如此，这些家庭仍是能与世界上前1%的人开派对的富裕家庭，并且媒体的无孔不入也让王室家庭越来越难维持其正面形象。

2.This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.(2015,text4)

本句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语 to maintain the right image放在句尾。句意：她认为，同样缺少道德目的正在伤害诸如国际新闻这样的企业，这使得随着非法窃听电话的广泛传播，国际新闻公司更有可能失去它原有的方式。

3.All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.(2007,part B)

本句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs放在句尾。句意：这些活动会妨碍重要的沟通和思考能力的发展，并使孩子很难培养未来大多数工作都需要的持续注意力。

4.At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. (2004,text2)

本句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to remember their names。句意：幼儿园第一年刚开始的时候，老师就按名字的字母顺序给学生排座位，为的是更容易记住他们的名字。

5.The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.(1999,text4)

本句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning。句意：专家小组尚未在一个关键问题上达成一致，即是否建议立法，将私人资金用于人体克隆的行为定为犯罪。

考研英语范围内，动词feel,make,consider后经常使用it形式宾语句型。一方面，考生在阅读文章时要能识别it形式宾语句型。另一方面考生也要能把it形式宾语句型运用到写作中，从而避免头重脚轻的现象。最后，考研不是你一个人在战斗，在漫漫考研路上，查字典公务员考研的老师会一直陪伴着同学们的左右，为你们解答考研路上的各种疑惑，祝同学们考研成功!

(本文作者为查字典公务员考研英语辅导名师袁洁婷)