考研英语语法虚拟语气解析(二)
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六、个别特殊短语
would rather, had rather, had better, would (just) as soon, would sooner均作但愿,宁愿讲时:
(一)后接动词原形,表示现在或将来的一种主观愿望或选择
例句: 1 would rather go there with you, because you are the only person that I have been acquainted with.
分析: 该句是复合句,定语从句that I have been acquainted with修饰the only person。
译文: 我宁愿和你一起去那儿,因为你是我在这里唯一熟悉的人。
(二)后接从句,从句动词一般用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,动词用过去
完成时表示过去的愿望
例句: I?d rather he stayed there, because weather is said to be somewhat worse according to the news.
分析: 该句是复合句,weather is said to be...是it is said that...的变形。
译文: 我希望他待在那儿,因为据新闻报道天气将会很恶劣。
例句: I?d rather you had not been so rude to her, she was a new comer after all.
分析: 该句是复合句,其中after all意为究竟,毕竟,you had not been so rude to her表示与过去事实相反假设。
译文: 真希望你不要对她那么粗鲁,毕竟她是新来的。
七、as if/as though引导的方式状语从句
表示仿佛,好像时也用虚拟式,从句中动词用一般过去时(be用were)表示与现在相反假设;动词用would/could/might+动词原形表示与将来相反假设;动词用过去完成时表示与过去相反假设。
例句: The rats develop bacterial infections of the blood as if their immune systemthe self protecting mechanism against diseasehad crashed.
分析: 该句是复合句,as if their immune system had crashed是方式状语从句,两个破折号间的内容是对system做进一步的解释。
译文: 老鼠感染血液病毒后,似乎它们的免疫系统即抵御疾病的自我保护机制被彻底摧毁了。
例句: But it?s not as if earlier times didn?t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. (选自2006年Text 4)
分析: 该句是复合句,as if引导的方式状语从句在句中作表语。
译文: 但是这不是说以前的时代没有经历过连续不断的战争、灾难和滥杀无辜。
另外,as if(as though)后面的从句也可用陈述语气,尤其在it looks/seems as if(as though)结构中。
例句: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the earth is circling round the sun.
分析: 该句是复合句,as if引导一个表语从句,表示客观情况。
译文: 太阳在东方升起西边落下,好像是地球围着太阳转。
八、It is(high) time that或It seems to be(high) time that...
It is(high) time that或It seems to be(high)time that...用来表示对现在或将来事实的一种假设,从句中动词用过去式。
例句: If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. (2001年第1题)
分析: 该句是复合句,it would be about time...表示与现在相反假设的主句。
译文: 要是在电影院里的话,我会把头埋在双手间痛哭一场。
例句: It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan.
(选自1998年Text 1)
分析: 该句是复合句。
译文: 现在是整个世界从阿斯旺水坝中吸取教训的时候了。
九、表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词引导的宾语从句
表示愿望、请求、建议、命令等意义的动词引导宾语从句,从句中动词为(should)+实义动词(原形)。
这类动词有:advise, suggest, propose, consent, decide, command, demand, desire, insist, move(提议), order, prefer, request, require, recommend, urge, vote(提议), ask, maintain, arrange, intend, direct。
例句: We desire that the tour leader inform us immediately of any change in plans.
分析: 该句是复合句,其中短语inform sb. of sth.意为告知某人某事。
译文: 我们希望旅游的组织者能立刻告知我们计划的变动。
例句: NBAC(National Bioethics Advisory Commission) will ask that Clinton?s 90?day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made law. (选自1999年Text 4)
分析: 该句是复合句,其中that Clinton?s...及that it be made law是谓语动词ask两并列宾语从句,同时使用了虚拟语气,介词短语on...cloning修饰ban。
译文: 美国国家生命伦理咨询委员会将要求克林顿总统禁止联邦资金用于克隆人类90天的禁令无限期延长,并且有可能将此立法。